All Discussions Tagged 'Mass:' - Crusaders of the Immaculate Heart2024-03-28T15:17:53Zhttps://op54rosary.ning.com/forum/topic/listForTag?tag=Mass%3A&feed=yes&xn_auth=noThe Traditional Mass vs. The New Mass: A Doctrinal Comparisontag:op54rosary.ning.com,2011-08-02:5691517:Topic:274852011-08-02T20:15:24.633ZDawn Mariehttps://op54rosary.ning.com/profile/DawnMarie
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Copperplate Gothic Bold; font-size: 14pt;">The Traditional Mass vs. The New Mass: A Doctrinal Comparison</span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"> </p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-size: 13pt;">Source:</span></b> <i><span style="font-size: 13pt;">The Problem of the Liturgical Reform…</span></i></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Copperplate Gothic Bold; font-size: 14pt;">The Traditional Mass vs. The New Mass: A Doctrinal Comparison</span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"> </p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-size: 13pt;">Source:</span></b> <i><span style="font-size: 13pt;">The Problem of the Liturgical Reform</span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
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<tbody><tr><td colspan="2" width="100%" valign="top" style="border-bottom: windowtext 1.5pt double; border-left: windowtext 2.25pt solid; padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 5.4pt; width: 100%; padding-right: 5.4pt; background: black; border-top: windowtext 2.25pt solid; border-right: windowtext 2.25pt solid; padding-top: 0in;"><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16pt;">A Liturgical Rupture</span></p>
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<tr><td width="50%" valign="top" style="border-bottom: windowtext 1.5pt double; border-left: windowtext 2.25pt solid; padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 5.4pt; width: 50%; padding-right: 5.4pt; border-top: medium none; border-right: windowtext 1.5pt double; padding-top: 0in;"><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 14pt;">The Traditional Mass</span></b></p>
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<td width="50%" valign="top" style="border-bottom: windowtext 1.5pt double; border-left: medium none; padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 5.4pt; width: 50%; padding-right: 5.4pt; border-top: medium none; border-right: windowtext 2.25pt solid; padding-top: 0in;"><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 14pt;">The New Mass</span></b></p>
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<tr><td width="50%" valign="top" style="border-bottom: windowtext 1.5pt solid; border-left: windowtext 2.25pt solid; padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 5.4pt; width: 50%; padding-right: 5.4pt; border-top: medium none; border-right: windowtext 1.5pt double; padding-top: 0in;"><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Arial;">A sacrifice linked to the sacrifice of the Cross, expressed in:</span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: -0.25in; margin-left: 0.25in;"><b><span style="font-family: Arial;">1.<span style="font-variant: normal; font-style: normal; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal;"> </span></span> <span style="font-family: Arial;">Offertory</span></b> <span style="font-family: Arial;">= oblation of the victim<br/><br/><br/> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: -0.25in; margin-left: 0.25in;"><b><span style="font-family: Arial;">2.<span style="font-variant: normal; font-style: normal; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal;"> </span></span> <span style="font-family: Arial;">Double consecration</span></b> <span style="font-family: Arial;">= immolation of victim<br/><br/><br/> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: -0.25in; margin-left: 0.25in;"><b><span style="font-family: Arial;">3.<span style="font-variant: normal; font-style: normal; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal;"> </span></span> <span style="font-family: Arial;">Communion</span></b> <span style="font-family: Arial;">= consummation of victim</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Arial;">The entire Mass is directed toward the sacrificial act. Sacrifice is the primary end; thanksgiving is one among other secondary, subordinate ends.</span></p>
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<td width="50%" valign="top" style="border-bottom: windowtext 1.5pt solid; border-left: medium none; padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 5.4pt; width: 50%; padding-right: 5.4pt; border-top: medium none; border-right: windowtext 2.25pt solid; padding-top: 0in;"><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Arial;">A meal linked to the Last Supper, expressed in:</span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: -0.25in; margin-left: 0.25in;"><b><span style="font-family: Arial;">1.<span style="font-variant: normal; font-style: normal; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal;"> </span></span> <span style="font-family: Arial;">Presentation of the gifts</span></b> <span style="font-family: Arial;">= <i>berakah</i> or <u>blessing of the food</u>, leading up to the Offertory, wherein the Jewish grace before meals is the main prayer</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: -0.25in; margin-left: 0.25in;"><b><span style="font-family: Arial;">2.<span style="font-variant: normal; font-style: normal; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal;"> </span></span> <span style="font-family: Arial;">Eucharistic prayer</span></b> <span style="font-family: Arial;">= canon of the New Mass; it is primarily <u>a prayer of thanksgiving</u> for the gifts received; it is in this context that the consecration is performed</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: -0.25in; margin-left: 0.25in;"><b><span style="font-family: Arial;">3.<span style="font-variant: normal; font-style: normal; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal;"> </span></span> <span style="font-family: Arial;">IG n.48</span></b> <span style="font-family: Arial;">= <u>breaking and partaking of the bread</u> instead of consummation of the victim</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Arial;">The Mass is a memorial meal, which makes the mysteries of Redemption present, among them the sacrifice of the Cross and the Resurrection, which have at least equal footing.</span></p>
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<tr><td width="50%" valign="top" style="border-bottom: windowtext 1.5pt solid; border-left: windowtext 2.25pt solid; padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 5.4pt; width: 50%; padding-right: 5.4pt; border-top: medium none; border-right: windowtext 1.5pt double; padding-top: 0in;"><p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-family: Arial;">Partaking of the Victim</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-family: Arial;">a)</span></b> <span style="font-family: Arial;">The Victim is sufficiently symbolized under one species</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-family: Arial;">b)</span></b> <span style="font-family: Arial;">Only the priest consumes the main Host</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-family: Arial;">c)</span></b> <span style="font-family: Arial;">The priest asks for the salvation of those to whom he gives Communion</span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-family: Arial;">a)</span></b> <span style="font-family: Arial;">Both eating <i>and</i> drinking must take place;</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-family: Arial;">b)</span></b> <span style="font-family: Arial;">Brotherly sharing: the main Host must be large enough to give some to the faithful;</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-family: Arial;">c)</span></b> <span style="font-family: Arial;">Friendship: the aspect of personal sanctification is relativized; priest says nothing when distributing communion</span></p>
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<tr><td width="50%" valign="top" style="border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: windowtext 2.25pt solid; padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 5.4pt; width: 50%; padding-right: 5.4pt; border-top: medium none; border-right: windowtext 1.5pt double; padding-top: 0in;"><p class="MsoNormal"><b><u><span style="font-family: Arial;">Doctrine</span></u></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-family: Arial;">Dual presence:</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: -0.25in; margin-left: 0.25in;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings;">W<span style="font-variant: normal; font-style: normal; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal;"> </span></span> <b><span style="font-family: Arial;">As Priest –</span></b> <span style="font-family: Arial;">in the person of His minister</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: -0.25in; margin-left: 0.25in;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings;">W<span style="font-variant: normal; font-style: normal; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal;"> </span></span> <b><span style="font-family: Arial;">As Victim –</span></b> <span style="font-family: Arial;">in the Eucharistic species</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Arial;">Christ as Victim is the center of the liturgy, being offered to God and given to men.</span></p>
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<td width="50%" valign="top" style="border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: medium none; padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 5.4pt; width: 50%; padding-right: 5.4pt; border-top: medium none; border-right: windowtext 2.25pt solid; padding-top: 0in;"><p class="MsoNormal"><b><u><span style="font-family: Arial;">Doctrine</span></u></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-family: Arial;">Spiritual presence:</span></b> <span style="font-family: Arial;">He is given to the faithful in His Word and His Body and these presences are placed on the same level.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Arial;">The New Mass devalues Our Lord’s presence as Victim, reducing it to the level of His presence in the readings, and His presence as Priest, by putting the common priesthood of the faithful on the same level as the ministerial priesthood of the celebrant.</span></p>
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<tr style="page-break-inside: avoid;"><td width="50%" valign="top" style="border-bottom: windowtext 1.5pt solid; border-left: windowtext 2.25pt solid; padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 5.4pt; width: 50%; padding-right: 5.4pt; border-top: medium none; border-right: windowtext 1.5pt double; padding-top: 0in;"><p class="MsoNormal"><b><u><span style="font-family: Arial;">Practice</span></u></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: -0.25in; margin-left: 0.25in;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings;">W<span style="font-variant: normal; font-style: normal; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal;"> </span></span> <span style="font-family: Arial;">14 genuflections<br/><br/> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: -0.25in; margin-left: 0.25in;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings;">W<span style="font-variant: normal; font-style: normal; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal;"> </span></span> <span style="font-family: Arial;">Canonical fingers held together and fingers purified<br/><br/> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: -0.25in; margin-left: 0.25in;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings;">W<span style="font-variant: normal; font-style: normal; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal;"> </span></span> <span style="font-family: Arial;">Only the priest distributes Communion</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: -0.25in; margin-left: 0.25in;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings;">W<span style="font-variant: normal; font-style: normal; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal;"> </span></span> <span style="font-family: Arial;">Communion kneeling, on the tongue</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: -0.25in; margin-left: 0.25in;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings;">W<span style="font-variant: normal; font-style: normal; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal;"> </span></span> <span style="font-family: Arial;">Church is a quiet place of reverence where God dwells in the tabernacle in the center of the main altar. This makes the place intrinsically holy, regardless who is there</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: -0.25in; margin-left: 0.25in;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings;">W<span style="font-variant: normal; font-style: normal; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal;"> </span></span> <span style="font-family: Arial;">Signs of cross over the Victim (these identify the oblations with Our Lord) – three times in Offertory, 26 times in Canon, three times before Communion and once when receiving</span></p>
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<td width="50%" valign="top" style="border-bottom: windowtext 1.5pt solid; border-left: medium none; padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 5.4pt; width: 50%; padding-right: 5.4pt; border-top: medium none; border-right: windowtext 2.25pt solid; padding-top: 0in;"><p class="MsoNormal"><b><u><span style="font-family: Arial;">Practice</span></u></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: -0.2in; margin-left: 0.2in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol;"><img height="13" width="13" alt="*"/><span style="font-variant: normal; font-style: normal; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal;"> </span></span> <span style="font-family: Arial;">Three genuflections, and these three are related to the people (two after elevation, one just before distribution)</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: -0.2in; margin-left: 0.2in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol;"><img height="13" width="13" alt="*"/><span style="font-variant: normal; font-style: normal; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal;"> </span></span> <span style="font-family: Arial;">No holding of canonical fingers together nor purification of fingers</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: -0.2in; margin-left: 0.2in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol;"><img height="13" width="13" alt="*"/><span style="font-variant: normal; font-style: normal; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal;"> </span></span> <span style="font-family: Arial;">Any and all distribute Communion</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: -0.2in; margin-left: 0.2in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol;"><img height="13" width="13" alt="*"/><span style="font-variant: normal; font-style: normal; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal;"> </span></span> <span style="font-family: Arial;">Communion standing, in the hand</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: -0.2in; margin-left: 0.2in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol;"><img height="13" width="13" alt="*"/><span style="font-variant: normal; font-style: normal; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal;"> </span></span> <span style="font-family: Arial;">Church more a house of the people than of God; tabernacle separated from the main altar. The building only has meaning when the community is gathered</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: -0.2in; margin-left: 0.2in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol;"><img height="13" width="13" alt="*"/><span style="font-variant: normal; font-style: normal; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal;"> </span></span> <span style="font-family: Arial;">Signs of the cross over the Victim = once only during the Canon</span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><b><u><span style="font-family: Arial;">Doctrine</span></u></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Arial;">The Bible actively becomes revelation when it is proclaimed by the Magisterium of the Church; ordained ministers act in the authority of Christ by transmitting this Revelation.</span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><b><u><span style="font-family: Arial;">Doctrine</span></u></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Arial;">Christ in present in His Word (Scripture) through the gathering of the community; this presence is on the same footing as the Real Presence, as both presences are the table of the Lord because both give us the spiritual sustenance unique to the Paschal banquet.</span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><b><u><span style="font-family: Arial;">Practice</span></u></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-family: Arial;">a)</span></b> <span style="font-family: Arial;">The reading of Scripture only by ordained ministers shows the necessity of the ecclesiastical hierarchy in transmitting Revelation.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-family: Arial;">b)</span></b> <span style="font-family: Arial;">Scripture is not a celebration in itself, but rather directed to the central mystery of the Mass, to which it directs the faithful. It enkindles the fervor of the faithful for the sacrifice.</span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><b><u><span style="font-family: Arial;">Practice</span></u></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Arial;">Scripture is celebrated in itself; by itself, and not by the minister’s teachings, Christ is present</span> <span style="font-family: Wingdings;">è</span> <span style="font-family: Arial;">No need for an ordained minister to proclaim it; any layperson can do it.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><b><u><span style="font-family: Arial;">Doctrine</span></u></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Arial;">Christ is present under the Eucharistic species and in His minister. The former presence is made possible by the words of consecration and it nourishes the faithful, being the Body, Blood, Soul and Divinity of Our Lord.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Arial;">The priest alone can confect the Eucharist and Mass takes place through him alone, with or without the cooperation of the faithful.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-family: Arial;">Mass =</span></b> <span style="font-family: Arial;">a true and proper Sacrifice in which the bloody sacrifice once accomplished on the Cross is represented, in which the same Christ is contained and immolated in an unbloody manner, and offers His own Body and Blood, through the ministry of the priest, under the species of bread and wine, to God the Father, the manner alone of offering being different (Trent)</span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><b><u><span style="font-family: Arial;">Doctrine</span></u></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Arial;">Christ is present spiritually through the gathering of the community and this presence is made tangible firstly as “Word” in the Liturgy of the Word and secondly as oblation through the memorial of His acts, which are made present once again. The people are fed at both these “tables” with a spiritual food.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Arial;">The “People of God” are the only agent recognized. Christ is present in the assembly, which performs the Mass under Him.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-family: Arial;">Mass =</span></b> <span style="font-family: Arial;">The Lord’s Supper or Mass is the sacred assembly or congregation of the people of God gathering together, with a priest presiding, in order to celebrate the memorial of the Lord. For this reason Christ’s promise applies supremely to such a local gathering together of the Church: “Where two or three come together in my name, there am I in their midst.” (<i>Institutio Generalis</i>, 1969)</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
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<tr><td width="50%" valign="top" style="border-bottom: windowtext 1.5pt solid; border-left: windowtext 2.25pt solid; padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 5.4pt; width: 50%; padding-right: 5.4pt; border-top: medium none; border-right: windowtext 1.5pt double; padding-top: 0in;"><p class="MsoNormal"><b><u><span style="font-family: Arial;">Practice</span></u></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: -0.25in; margin-left: 0.25in;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings;">W<span style="font-variant: normal; font-style: normal; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal;"> </span></span> <span style="font-family: Arial;">There is a clear distinction between the unbloody immolation of the consecration (<i>ex opere operato</i>, performed by priest alone; it alone qualifies as a <i>sacrament</i>) and the sacrificial offering of the participants through union with the priest in <i>intention</i> (<i>ex opere operantis</i>).<br/><br/> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: -0.25in; margin-left: 0.25in;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings;">W<span style="font-variant: normal; font-style: normal; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal;"> </span></span> <span style="font-family: Arial;">The priest clearly acts in a unique role in the person of Christ, alone mediating with God. The faithful can only unite with his actions by their intention; they cannot perform the visible rite to confect the sacrament.<br/><br/> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: -0.25in; margin-left: 0.25in;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings;">W<span style="font-variant: normal; font-style: normal; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal;"> </span></span> <span style="font-family: Arial;">The prayers of sacramental oblation are either in the first person, as being offered by the priest alone, or they make a clear distinction between the offerings of priest and faithful.</span></p>
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<td width="50%" valign="top" style="border-bottom: windowtext 1.5pt solid; border-left: medium none; padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 5.4pt; width: 50%; padding-right: 5.4pt; border-top: medium none; border-right: windowtext 2.25pt solid; padding-top: 0in;"><p class="MsoNormal"><b><u><span style="font-family: Arial;">Practice</span></u></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: -0.2in; margin-left: 0.2in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol;"><img height="13" width="13" alt="*"/><span style="font-variant: normal; font-style: normal; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal;"> </span></span> <span style="font-family: Arial;">The assembly is a “new sacrament” because, as a sign of the universal Church, it has the power to make Christ present. This is most clearly manifested when the bishop presides over his priests and the faithful take active part</span> <span style="font-family: Wingdings;">è</span> <span style="font-family: Arial;">concelebration is preferable; the <i>Confiteor</i> is an act of the community and there is no separate confession of sins.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: -0.2in; margin-left: 0.2in;"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: -0.2in; margin-left: 0.2in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol;"><img height="13" width="13" alt="*"/><span style="font-variant: normal; font-style: normal; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal;"> </span></span> <b><span style="font-family: Arial;">In the Liturgy of the Word –</span></b> <span style="font-family: Arial;">Once Christ is spiritually present by the assembling of the people, the liturgy becomes a dialogue between God and His people without need of a priest. Christ is present in His Word and the people perform a “priestly function” in their prayer and singing, appropriating the divine word.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: -0.2in; margin-left: 0.2in;"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: -0.2in; margin-left: 0.2in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol;"><img height="13" width="13" alt="*"/><span style="font-variant: normal; font-style: normal; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal;"> </span></span> <b><span style="font-family: Arial;">In the Liturgy of the Eucharist – i)</span></b> <span style="font-family: Arial;">The sacrifice is always described as an act of both the priest and the faithful. <b>ii)</b> The prayers of oblation put the offering as belonging to the assembled people, not the celebrant. <b>iii)</b> The priest is only described in the prayers of the New Mass and the IGMR in the context of his relation to the people of God as their “president” and never in terms of the power that he alone possesses to act <i>in persona Christi</i>, consecrating and making the sacrificial offering.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: -0.2in; margin-left: 0.2in;"> </p>
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<span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 12pt;"><br clear="all" style="page-break-before: always;"/></span> <table width="100%" cellspacing="0" border="1" class="MsoTableGrid" id="table2" style="width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse;">
<tbody><tr style="page-break-inside: avoid;"><td colspan="2" width="100%" valign="top" style="border-bottom: windowtext 1.5pt solid; border-left: windowtext 2.25pt solid; padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 5.4pt; width: 100%; padding-right: 5.4pt; background: #d9d9d9; border-top: windowtext 1.5pt solid; border-right: windowtext 2.25pt solid; padding-top: 0in;"><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 13pt;">From Propitiation to Thanksgiving</span></b></p>
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<tr style="page-break-inside: avoid;"><td width="50%" valign="top" style="border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: windowtext 2.25pt solid; padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 5.4pt; width: 50%; padding-right: 5.4pt; border-top: medium none; border-right: windowtext 1.5pt double; padding-top: 0in;"><p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><u><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11.5pt;">Doctrine</span></u></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11.5pt;">Man has offended God and continues to do so. He deserves punishment for these sins and must make up for them. This unremitted punishment due to man’s sins is always in view. The Mass an application of the merits of Redemption to sinful souls.</span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><b><u><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11.5pt;">Doctrine</span></u></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11.5pt;">God has an undying love for man, regardless of man’s crimes. Man is seen as reconciled with God, no matter what state his soul is in. The Mass is a liturgy of the saved, a celebration with thanks-giving of a Redemption already released in full, without any propitiatory dimension. This follows from diminution of the Mass as sacrifice and the priest as sacrificing agent & mediator with God.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
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<tr><td width="50%" valign="top" style="border-bottom: windowtext 2.5pt double; border-left: windowtext 2.25pt solid; padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 5.4pt; width: 50%; padding-right: 5.4pt; border-top: medium none; border-right: windowtext 1.5pt double; padding-top: 0in;"><p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><u><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11.5pt;">Practice</span></u></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11.5pt;">The Offering and Sorrow for Sin</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: -0.25in; margin-left: 0.25in;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 11.5pt;">W<span style="font-variant: normal; font-style: normal; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal;"> </span></span> <span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11.5pt;">Prayers of compunction for sin return again and again, e.g. <i>Confiteor, Aufer a nobis, Oramus te, Munda cor meum, Per evangelica dicta, In spiritu humilitatis, Incensum istud, Lavabo.</i></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: -0.25in; margin-left: 0.25in;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 11.5pt;">W<span style="font-variant: normal; font-style: normal; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal;"> </span></span> <span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11.5pt;">The unworthiness of the minister is always in view, because of the unremitted punishment due to his sins. He asks for the approval of his offering in 10 separate prayers in the Offertory and Canon.<br/><br/> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: -0.25in; margin-left: 0.25in;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 11.5pt;">W<span style="font-variant: normal; font-style: normal; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal;"> </span></span> <b><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11.5pt;">Intercession of Our Lord –</span></b> <span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11.5pt;">Mediators are placed between the minister and God, because of his deficiency, firstly Our Lord Jesus Christ, then the saints.<br/> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: -0.25in; margin-left: 0.25in;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 11.5pt;">W<span style="font-variant: normal; font-style: normal; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal;"> </span></span> <b><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11.5pt;">Intercession of the saints –</span></b> <span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11.5pt;">There are at least four prayers during the Mass that call upon the merits and intercession of the saints and 200 collects throughout the year.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11.5pt;">The Satisfaction Due for Sin –</span></b> <span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11.5pt;">the traditional missal tries to obtain the remission of punishment due for sin by the merits of Our Lord and the saints.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11.5pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: -0.25in; margin-left: 0.25in;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 11.5pt;">W<span style="font-variant: normal; font-style: normal; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal;"> </span></span> <span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11.5pt;">Frequent requests in the collects to be “purified from the stains of sin.”<br/><br/> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: -0.25in; margin-left: 0.25in;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 11.5pt;">W<span style="font-variant: normal; font-style: normal; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal;"> </span></span> <b><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11.5pt;">Requiem:</span></b> <span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11.5pt;">Frequent reference to judgment, punishment due to sins, and the need to be loosed from them.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><u><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11.5pt; text-decoration: none;"> </span></u></b></p>
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<td width="50%" valign="top" style="border-bottom: windowtext 2.5pt double; border-left: medium none; padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 5.4pt; width: 50%; padding-right: 5.4pt; border-top: medium none; border-right: windowtext 2.25pt solid; padding-top: 0in;"><p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><u><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11.5pt;">Practice</span></u></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11.5pt;">The Offering and Sorrow for Sin</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: -0.2in; margin-left: 0.2in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11.5pt;"><img height="13" width="13" alt="*"/><span style="font-variant: normal; font-style: normal; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal;"> </span></span> <span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11.5pt;">Only the “<i>Per evangelica dicta</i>,” the “<i>In spiritu humilitatis</i>,” and the “<i>Lava me</i>,” an abbreviated freestyle version of psalm 25, remain. These prayers, moreover, are often translated in the vernacular so as to remove all trace of contrition.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: -0.2in; margin-left: 0.2in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11.5pt;"><img height="13" width="13" alt="*"/><span style="font-variant: normal; font-style: normal; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal;"> </span></span> <span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11.5pt;">No requests for the approval of the offering.<br/><br/><br/> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: -0.2in; margin-left: 0.2in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11.5pt;"><img height="13" width="13" alt="*"/><span style="font-variant: normal; font-style: normal; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal;"> </span></span> <b><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11.5pt;">Intercession of Our Lord –</span></b> <span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11.5pt;">almost complete suppression of all mention of Our Lord’s mediation in the offering of the sac-rifice. The one “through Christ our Lord” etc. left in Eucharistic prayers II-IV refers to the heavenly liturgy hereafter.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: -0.2in; margin-left: 0.2in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11.5pt;"><img height="13" width="13" alt="*"/><span style="font-variant: normal; font-style: normal; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal;"> </span></span> <b><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11.5pt;">Intercession of the saints –</span></b> <span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11.5pt;">Prayers during the Mass are gone and the 200 collects have been reduced to only three obligatory ones.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11.5pt;">The Satisfaction Due for Sin –</span></b> <span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11.5pt;">no thought of the unworthiness of the human ministers</span> <span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 11.5pt;">è</span> <span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11.5pt;">the consequences of sin are no obstacle to the approval of the sacrifice</span> <span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 11.5pt;">è</span> <span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11.5pt;">no need for intercession of Our Lord or the saints.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: -0.2in; margin-left: 0.2in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11.5pt;"><img height="13" width="13" alt="*"/><span style="font-variant: normal; font-style: normal; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal;"> </span></span> <span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11.5pt;">All references to divine justice in any part of the propers have been considerably reduced. Only a few ferial Masses in Lent have request to be purified from sin.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: -0.2in; margin-left: 0.2in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11.5pt;"><img height="13" width="13" alt="*"/><span style="font-variant: normal; font-style: normal; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal;"> </span></span> <b><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11.5pt;">Requiem:</span></b> <span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11.5pt;">No mention of the punishment due to sin or the pains of purgatory; the propers emphasize the happiness of heaven and the resurrection while omitting the traditional Tract, the <i>Dies Irae</i>, and Offertory prayer.</span></p>
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<tr><td colspan="2" width="100%" valign="top" style="border-bottom: windowtext 1.5pt double; border-left: windowtext 2.25pt solid; padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 5.4pt; width: 100%; padding-right: 5.4pt; background: black; border-top: medium none; border-right: windowtext 2.25pt solid; padding-top: 0in;"><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16pt;">The Principle behind the Liturgical Reform: “The Paschal Mystery”</span></p>
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<tr><td width="50%" valign="top" style="border-bottom: windowtext 1.5pt double; border-left: windowtext 2.25pt solid; padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 5.4pt; width: 50%; padding-right: 5.4pt; border-top: medium none; border-right: windowtext 1.5pt double; padding-top: 0in;"><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 14pt;">Classic Theology</span></b></p>
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<td width="50%" valign="top" style="border-bottom: windowtext 1.5pt double; border-left: medium none; padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 5.4pt; width: 50%; padding-right: 5.4pt; border-top: medium none; border-right: windowtext 2.25pt solid; padding-top: 0in;"><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 14pt;">New Theology</span></b></p>
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<tr><td colspan="2" width="100%" valign="top" style="border-bottom: windowtext 1.5pt solid; border-left: windowtext 2.25pt solid; padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 5.4pt; width: 100%; padding-right: 5.4pt; background: #d9d9d9; border-top: medium none; border-right: windowtext 2.25pt solid; padding-top: 0in;"><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 13pt;">The Passover of the Lord</span></b></p>
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<tr><td width="50%" valign="top" style="border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: windowtext 2.25pt solid; padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 5.4pt; width: 50%; padding-right: 5.4pt; border-top: medium none; border-right: windowtext 1.5pt double; padding-top: 0in;"><p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-family: Arial;">Redemption = </span></b> <span style="font-family: Arial;">a propitiatory offering to divine justice offended by sin</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-family: Arial;">Emphasis:</span></b> <span style="font-family: Arial;">the satisfaction of justice, the cooperation of man, and the pains of Our Lord’s Passion</span></p>
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<td width="50%" valign="top" style="border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: medium none; padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 5.4pt; width: 50%; padding-right: 5.4pt; border-top: medium none; border-right: windowtext 2.25pt solid; padding-top: 0in;"><p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-family: Arial;">Redemption =</span></b> <span style="font-family: Arial;">a pure work of love, where God reveals His infinite charity for all men; justice is disregarded</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-family: Arial;">Emphasis:</span></b> <span style="font-family: Arial;">the great importance of love, the initiative of God, and the new life of the Resurrection</span></p>
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<tr><td width="50%" valign="top" style="border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: windowtext 2.25pt solid; padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 5.4pt; width: 50%; padding-right: 5.4pt; border-top: medium none; border-right: windowtext 1.5pt double; padding-top: 0in;"><p class="MsoNormal"><b><u><span style="font-family: Arial;">Sin</span></u></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: -0.25in; margin-left: 0.25in;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings;">W<span style="font-variant: normal; font-style: normal; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal;"> </span></span> <span style="font-family: Arial;">Sin is an offense against the honor of God, and is measured by the majesty of the Person offended, not the harm to the one offending. Man has a duty to honor God.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: -0.25in; margin-left: 0.25in;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings;">W<span style="font-variant: normal; font-style: normal; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal;"> </span></span> <span style="font-family: Arial;">God is a jealous defender of His own honor and damns to hell those who do not respect it.<br/><br/><br/><br/> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: -0.25in; margin-left: 0.25in;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings;">W<span style="font-variant: normal; font-style: normal; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal;"> </span></span> <span style="font-family: Arial;">God’s justice needs to be satisfied for the sins of men. This was done ultimately by the sacrifice of the God-man’s life on the cross and is renewed in the sacrifice of the Mass. But every man has an individual obligation to make satisfaction on his own for sin.</span></p>
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<td width="50%" valign="top" style="border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: medium none; padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 5.4pt; width: 50%; padding-right: 5.4pt; border-top: medium none; border-right: windowtext 2.25pt solid; padding-top: 0in;"><p class="MsoNormal"><b><u><span style="font-family: Arial;">Sin</span></u></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: -0.2in; margin-left: 0.2in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol;"><img height="13" width="13" alt="*"/><span style="font-variant: normal; font-style: normal; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal;"> </span></span> <span style="font-family: Arial;">Sin only harms man and society, as it can take nothing away from God’s nature. It does not offend the justice of God, but only His love insofar as it is a refusal of that love.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: -0.2in; margin-left: 0.2in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol;"><img height="13" width="13" alt="*"/><span style="font-variant: normal; font-style: normal; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal;"> </span></span> <span style="font-family: Arial;">There is never any difference in God’s love for us, whether we be full of sin or of virtue. It is contrary to God’s goodness to punish us for our faults, as His justice demands no satis-faction and His love is enduring. Men only go to hell by excl-uding themselves from God’s love, not by God’s punishment</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: -0.2in; margin-left: 0.2in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol;"><img height="13" width="13" alt="*"/><span style="font-variant: normal; font-style: normal; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal;"> </span></span> <span style="font-family: Arial;">Nothing needs to be made up to God. Satisfaction only enters in as a corrective punishment to help man straighten himself out with respect to God and society, to recover his spiritual health and capacity to love.</span></p>
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<tr><td width="50%" valign="top" style="border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: windowtext 2.25pt solid; padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 5.4pt; width: 50%; padding-right: 5.4pt; border-top: medium none; border-right: windowtext 1.5pt double; padding-top: 0in;"><p class="MsoNormal"><b><u><span style="font-family: Arial;">Redemption</span></u></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: -0.25in; margin-left: 0.25in;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings;">W<span style="font-variant: normal; font-style: normal; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal;"> </span></span> <span style="font-family: Arial;">It is a work of love to appease divine justice, providing the infinite satisfaction required by the sins of mankind. It <i>re-establishes</i> the friendship between God and man, which was lost through sin.<br/><br/> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: -0.25in; margin-left: 0.25in;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings;">W<span style="font-variant: normal; font-style: normal; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal;"> </span></span> <b><span style="font-family: Arial;">Author =</span></b> <span style="font-family: Arial;">Our Lord Jesus Christ, as the redemptive work is making satisfaction for sins</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: -0.25in; margin-left: 0.25in;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings;">W<span style="font-variant: normal; font-style: normal; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal;"> </span></span> <b><span style="font-family: Arial;">Principal act =</span></b> <span style="font-family: Arial;">the death of Our Lord on the Cross, as by this act Our Lord satisfied for our sins and opened the gates of Heaven</span></p>
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<td width="50%" valign="top" style="border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: medium none; padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 5.4pt; width: 50%; padding-right: 5.4pt; border-top: medium none; border-right: windowtext 2.25pt solid; padding-top: 0in;"><p class="MsoNormal"><b><u><span style="font-family: Arial;">Redemption</span></u></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: -0.2in; margin-left: 0.2in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol;"><img height="13" width="13" alt="*"/><span style="font-variant: normal; font-style: normal; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal;"> </span></span> <span style="font-family: Arial;">It is the revelation of God’s unchanging love toward man, in spite of sin, an eternal Covenant which never has been destroyed. It gives nothing back to God, but gives God back to man, showing him that God always loved him and did not cast him off, even after sin.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: -0.2in; margin-left: 0.2in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol;"><img height="13" width="13" alt="*"/><span style="font-variant: normal; font-style: normal; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal;"> </span></span> <b><span style="font-family: Arial;">Author =</span></b> <span style="font-family: Arial;">God the Father rather than Our Lord, as the redemptive work is revealing the love of the Father for men.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: -0.2in; margin-left: 0.2in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol;"><img height="13" width="13" alt="*"/><span style="font-variant: normal; font-style: normal; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal;"> </span></span> <b><span style="font-family: Arial;">Principal acts =</span></b> <span style="font-family: Arial;">Our Lord’s Resurrection and Ascension, because they are the fullness of the revelation for which Christ became incarnate, i.e. to show us the unconditional love of the Father for us</span></p>
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<tr style="page-break-inside: avoid;"><td width="50%" valign="top" style="border-bottom: windowtext 1.5pt solid; border-left: windowtext 2.25pt solid; padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 5.4pt; width: 50%; padding-right: 5.4pt; border-top: medium none; border-right: windowtext 1.5pt double; padding-top: 0in;"><p class="MsoNormal"><b><u><span style="font-family: Arial;">The Traditional Mass</span></u></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: -0.25in; margin-left: 0.25in;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings;">W<span style="font-variant: normal; font-style: normal; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal;"> </span></span> <span style="font-family: Arial;">Frequent references to punishment due to sin or need to appease God’s anger</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: -0.25in; margin-left: 0.25in;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings;">W<span style="font-variant: normal; font-style: normal; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal;"> </span></span> <span style="font-family: Arial;">Ends of thanksgiving and petition subordinate to those of a-doration and propitiation; frequent reference is made to the vicarious satisfaction of Christ and His mediation in prayer</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: -0.25in; margin-left: 0.25in;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings;">W<span style="font-variant: normal; font-style: normal; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal;"> </span></span> <span style="font-family: Arial;">Celebration of first class Feast of the Precious Blood, which was instituted to profess belief in the classic truths regarding Redemption</span></p>
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<td width="50%" valign="top" style="border-bottom: windowtext 1.5pt solid; border-left: medium none; padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 5.4pt; width: 50%; padding-right: 5.4pt; border-top: medium none; border-right: windowtext 2.25pt solid; padding-top: 0in;"><p class="MsoNormal"><b><u><span style="font-family: Arial;">The New Mass</span></u></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: -0.2in; margin-left: 0.2in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol;"><img height="13" width="13" alt="*"/><span style="font-variant: normal; font-style: normal; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal;"> </span></span> <span style="font-family: Arial;">No references to punishment due to sin or need to appease God’s anger</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: -0.2in; margin-left: 0.2in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol;"><img height="13" width="13" alt="*"/><span style="font-variant: normal; font-style: normal; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal;"> </span></span> <span style="font-family: Arial;">Ends of Mass are solely thanksgiving and petition; no reference made to the vicarious satisfaction of Christ and His mediation in prayer</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: -0.2in; margin-left: 0.2in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol;"><img height="13" width="13" alt="*"/><span style="font-variant: normal; font-style: normal; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal;"> </span></span> <span style="font-family: Arial;">Initial removal of the feast of the Precious Blood, then later it was put back as a votive Mass with substantial changes following the theology of the Paschal Mystery</span></p>
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<tr><td colspan="2" width="100%" valign="top" style="border-bottom: windowtext 1.5pt solid; border-left: windowtext 2.25pt solid; padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 5.4pt; width: 100%; padding-right: 5.4pt; background: #d9d9d9; border-top: medium none; border-right: windowtext 2.25pt solid; padding-top: 0in;"><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 13pt;">The Sacrament as Mystery</span></b></p>
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<tr><td width="50%" valign="top" style="border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: windowtext 2.25pt solid; padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 5.4pt; width: 50%; padding-right: 5.4pt; border-top: medium none; border-right: windowtext 1.5pt double; padding-top: 0in;"><p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-family: Arial;">Sacrament =</span></b> <span style="font-family: Arial;">an efficacious sign of grace</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-family: Arial;">Range of sacraments –</span></b> <span style="font-family: Arial;">three things are required to make a sacrament: a) institution by Christ; b) an outward sign; c) power to give grace</span></p>
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<td width="50%" valign="top" style="border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: medium none; padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 5.4pt; width: 50%; padding-right: 5.4pt; border-top: medium none; border-right: windowtext 2.25pt solid; padding-top: 0in;"><p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-family: Arial;">Sacrament =</span></b> <span style="font-family: Arial;">a symbol that <i>contains</i> what it signifies, making the sacred hidden thing visible and objectively present</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-family: Arial;">New “sacraments”</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-family: Arial;">a) Christ</span></b><span style="font-family: Arial;">, because He reveals God, the sacrament <i>par excellence</i>, to man, is the “primordial sacrament”</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-family: Arial;">b)</span></b> <span style="font-family: Arial;"><b>The Church –</b> Christ represents God to men and the Church represents Christ to men, making the Church a sacrament where men can meet Christ and God in Christ</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-family: Arial;">c) The liturgy itself –</span></b> <span style="font-family: Arial;">the liturgy, “mystery of worship,” makes the glorified Christ really present</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-family: Arial;">d) The assembled faithful</span></b> <span style="font-family: Arial;">– they manifest the Church and make it present</span></p>
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<tr><td width="50%" valign="top" style="border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: windowtext 2.25pt solid; padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 5.4pt; width: 50%; padding-right: 5.4pt; border-top: medium none; border-right: windowtext 1.5pt double; padding-top: 0in;"><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: -0.25in; margin-left: 0.25in;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings;">W<span style="font-variant: normal; font-style: normal; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal;"> </span></span> <b><span style="font-family: Arial;">Revelation</span></b> <span style="font-family: Arial;">– it was given to the Church by the visit of God to His people, but that visit was limited to a narrow historical time. From there, revelation is transmitted by preaching and it requires belief in the mediation of the Church and her infallibility in matters of Faith. This notion is based in a realist philosophy that recognizes the value of speculative knowledge.<br/><br/> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: -0.25in; margin-left: 0.25in;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings;">W<span style="font-variant: normal; font-style: normal; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal;"> </span></span> <b><span style="font-family: Arial;">Tradition</span></b> <span style="font-family: Arial;">– it is guaranteed by the Magisterium of the Church. A Christian’s faith develops by learning the catechism.</span></p>
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<td width="50%" valign="top" style="border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: medium none; padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 5.4pt; width: 50%; padding-right: 5.4pt; border-top: medium none; border-right: windowtext 2.25pt solid; padding-top: 0in;"><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: -0.2in; margin-left: 0.2in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol;"><img height="13" width="13" alt="*"/><span style="font-variant: normal; font-style: normal; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal;"> </span></span> <b><span style="font-family: Arial;">Revelation</span></b> <span style="font-family: Arial;">– it is <i>not</i> merely a series of abstract statements forming a doctrinal system, but also <i>living contact</i> with the mystery of divinity through divine actions making God present to man. The jump from mystical phenomenon to a divine absolute is made possible by presenting the phenomenon as a “symbol” lining up with schools of modern symbolist thought, which allow man to go from an objective contact to a non-experiential reality.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: -0.2in; margin-left: 0.2in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol;"><img height="13" width="13" alt="*"/><span style="font-variant: normal; font-style: normal; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal;"> </span></span> <b><span style="font-family: Arial;">Tradition –</span></b> <span style="font-family: Arial;">it is guaranteed by a living contact with God; hence Tradition itself is living. A Christian’s faith develops by being brought into contact with the Word through the celebration of the Paschal Mystery. The liturgy is the arena of Revelation.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: -0.2in; margin-left: 0.2in;"> </p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><b><u><span style="font-family: Arial;">The Traditional Mass</span></u></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: -0.25in; margin-left: 0.25in;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings;">W<span style="font-variant: normal; font-style: normal; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal;"> </span></span> <b><span style="font-family: Arial;">Sacraments –</span></b> <span style="font-family: Arial;">Focus is on <i>power over meaning</i>. The sacraments derive their efficacy from Christ, and not from the persons administering them or receiving them. They give grace of themselves (<i>ex opere operato</i>), even when the priest or person administering them is unworthy. Faith is needed on the part of the recipient of a sacrament that it be received fruitfully, but that faith only need go so far as to bring the soul to submit itself to the action of the Church. The sacraments receive their power to give grace from God, through the merits of Jesus Christ.<br/><br/><br/><br/> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: -0.25in; margin-left: 0.25in;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings;">W<span style="font-variant: normal; font-style: normal; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal;"> </span></span> <b><span style="font-family: Arial;">Scripture –</span></b> <span style="font-family: Arial;">Focus is on <i>meaning over power</i>. Biblical readings are meant firstly to provide the concepts of faith with their intellectual content.<br/><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: -0.25in; margin-left: 0.25in;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings;">W<span style="font-variant: normal; font-style: normal; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal;"> </span></span> <span style="font-family: Arial;">The Real Presence has value in itself, being Our Lord Himself, present to be offered as an infinite sacrifice to God and to nourish the souls of the faithful.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: -0.25in; margin-left: 0.25in;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings;">W<span style="font-variant: normal; font-style: normal; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal;"> </span></span> <span style="font-family: Arial;">The priest alone has the power to confect the sacrament; this is the source of his elevation above the faithful and his indispensable role at Mass. The faithful are a dispensable accessory to Mass.</span></p>
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<td width="50%" valign="top" style="border-bottom: windowtext 1.5pt solid; border-left: medium none; padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 5.4pt; width: 50%; padding-right: 5.4pt; border-top: medium none; border-right: windowtext 2.25pt solid; padding-top: 0in;"><p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><u><span style="font-family: Arial;">The New Mass</span></u></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: -0.2in; margin-left: 0.2in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol;"><img height="13" width="13" alt="*"/><span style="font-variant: normal; font-style: normal; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal;"> </span></span> <b><span style="font-family: Arial;">Sacraments –</span></b> <span style="font-family: Arial;">Focus is on <i>meaning over power</i>. An act of faith on the part of the faithful is needed to make the reality signified by the sacrament present to the participants. Faith and attainment of the mystery are inseparable. As a sacrament is primarily an actuation of faith, then the priest’s action offering Our Lord, which only requires only habitual faith, being a physical act, is subordinate to the act requiring an attitude of faith, i.e. the offering of the assembly. The sacraments are said to work <i>ex opere operato</i> only based on the efficacious faith that accompanies them. They represent deeds which bring about our salvation through a contact provided by an efficacious faith. Their power is subordinated to their nourishment of faith and actuation by it.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: -0.2in; margin-left: 0.2in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol;"><img height="13" width="13" alt="*"/><span style="font-variant: normal; font-style: normal; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal;"> </span></span> <b><span style="font-family: Arial;">Scripture –</span></b> <span style="font-family: Arial;">Focus is on <i>power over meaning</i>. We must go beyond the sign of faith to what is signified, i.e. Christ Himself, Who is the definitive Word of God. Scripture in this way itself becomes a sacrament. Hence both the “Liturgy of the Word” and the Eucharistic Liturgy make Christ present, for our nourishment. The Catechism even gives primacy to the former in saying that it determines the meaning of the other sacramental symbols.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: -0.2in; margin-left: 0.2in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol;"><img height="13" width="13" alt="*"/><span style="font-variant: normal; font-style: normal; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal;"> </span></span> <span style="font-family: Arial;">The Real Presence is not recognized firstly in itself, but firstly insofar as it nourishes faith.<br/><br/> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: -0.2in; margin-left: 0.2in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol;"><img height="13" width="13" alt="*"/><span style="font-variant: normal; font-style: normal; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal;"> </span></span> <span style="font-family: Arial;">The common priesthood of the faithful is practically elevated to the level of the sacramental priesthood of the priest, as the sacrificial oblation is considered as being confected by the faith of the assembly</span></p>
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<table width="100%" cellspacing="0" border="1" class="MsoTableGrid" id="table3" style="width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse;">
<tbody><tr><td colspan="2" width="100%" valign="top" style="border-bottom: windowtext 1.5pt solid; border-left: windowtext 2.25pt solid; padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 5.4pt; width: 100%; padding-right: 5.4pt; background: #d9d9d9; border-top: windowtext 1.5pt solid; border-right: windowtext 2.25pt solid; padding-top: 0in;"><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 13pt;">The Memorial</span></b></p>
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<tr><td width="50%" valign="top" style="border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: windowtext 2.25pt solid; padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 5.4pt; width: 50%; padding-right: 5.4pt; border-top: medium none; border-right: windowtext 1.5pt double; padding-top: 0in;"><p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-family: Arial;">Doctrine of Redemptive Sacrifice: a)</span></b> <span style="font-family: Arial;">The most important <i>action of Christ</i> was His death on the cross saving mankind from Hell</span> <span style="font-family: Wingdings;">è</span> <span style="font-family: Arial;"><b>b)</b> <i>sacraments</i> are most important as imparting the saving grace of the Cross to our sinful souls</span> <span style="font-family: Wingdings;">è</span> <span style="font-family: Arial;"><b>c)</b> <i>Mass</i> is most important as offering an infinite sacrifice of propitiation to a just God.</span></p>
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<td width="50%" valign="top" style="border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: medium none; padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 5.4pt; width: 50%; padding-right: 5.4pt; border-top: medium none; border-right: windowtext 2.25pt solid; padding-top: 0in;"><p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-family: Arial;">Doctrine of Paschal Mystery: a)</span></b> <span style="font-family: Arial;">the <i>actions of Christ</i> as revelation are more important than His sacrificial action</span> <span style="font-family: Wingdings;">è</span> <span style="font-family: Arial;"><b>b)</b> <i>sacraments</i> are most important as means of making the actions of Christ present</span> <span style="font-family: Wingdings;">è</span> <span style="font-family: Arial;"><b>c)</b> <i>Mass</i> is most important as making present the reality it commemorates. Christ’s mission of salvation was one in “words and deeds” and it is in making this present that the Mass has value.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
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<tr><td width="50%" valign="top" style="border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: windowtext 2.25pt solid; padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 5.4pt; width: 50%; padding-right: 5.4pt; border-top: medium none; border-right: windowtext 1.5pt double; padding-top: 0in;"><p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-family: Arial;">The Mass is a Sacrifice</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: -0.25in; margin-left: 0.25in;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings;">W<span style="font-variant: normal; font-style: normal; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal;"> </span></span> <span style="font-family: Arial;">Christ’s mission was to render to God the glory that man had refused to give. He became incarnate for the love of the Father. Now, it was His obedient death on the cross that showed the greatest love, as it was a laying down of His life, and it was the most perfect act of the virtue of religion: sacrifice. Even insofar as His Incarnation benefits men, His death is the most important of actions, as only it has meritorious and satisfactory value. Hence, the Mass, greatest act of religion, must be a true sacrifice, wherein Our Lord is offered on the altar.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: -0.25in; margin-left: 0.25in;"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: -0.25in; margin-left: 0.25in;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings;">W<span style="font-variant: normal; font-style: normal; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal;"> </span></span> <span style="font-family: Arial;">Our Lord’s death was most important again in that it was the only action in which He merited something for Himself, i.e. the glorification of His physical body and the sanctification unto glory of His Mystical Body. By His death, He merited in a new way what He had previously merited from the first moment of His earthly existence.<br/><br/> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: -0.25in; margin-left: 0.25in;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 11.5pt;">W<span style="font-variant: normal; font-style: normal; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal;"> </span></span> <span style="font-family: Arial;">The Mass is firstly a true, ritual sacrifice, and secondly a memorial insofar as it is an image <i>representing</i> the sacrifice of the Cross. It is a true sacrifice, not because it is a memorial, but because transubstantiation makes Our Lord truly present.</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11.5pt;"><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: -0.25in; margin-left: 0.25in;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 11.5pt;">W<span style="font-variant: normal; font-style: normal; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal;"> </span></span> <i><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11.5pt;">Mediator Dei</span></i><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11.5pt;">: the mysteries of Redemption are present and operative, but do not operate in the obscure manner as given by the new theology. The Mass renews the sacrifice of the Cross, but is not a memorial making the historical sacrifice present again.<br/><br/><br/><br/><br/> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: -0.25in; margin-left: 0.25in;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 11.5pt;">W<span style="font-variant: normal; font-style: normal; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal;"> </span></span> <span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11.5pt;">The Mass is a sacrifice in its own right. By the double consecration of the separate species, an unbloody immolation takes place. The sacrifice is a memorial, but only insofar as it represents the death of Our Lord; it does not make the mysteries of the life of Our Lord actually present.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: -0.25in; margin-left: 0.25in;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 11.5pt;">W<span style="font-variant: normal; font-style: normal; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal;"> </span></span> <span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11.5pt;">The Mass has objective meaning through the sacramental immolation of Our Lord accomplished by the double consecration, accompanied with the offering and consummation of this Victim by the ordained priest. The faithful enter this picture only incidentally.</span></p>
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<td width="50%" valign="top" style="border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: medium none; padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 5.4pt; width: 50%; padding-right: 5.4pt; border-top: medium none; border-right: windowtext 2.25pt solid; padding-top: 0in;"><p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-family: Arial;">The Mass is a Memorial</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: -0.2in; margin-left: 0.2in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol;"><img height="13" width="13" alt="*"/><span style="font-variant: normal; font-style: normal; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal;"> </span></span> <span style="font-family: Arial;">Revealed mysteries are to be considered from an historical point of view</span> <span style="font-family: Wingdings;">è</span> <span style="font-family: Arial;">NT is to be analyzed in light of the OT</span> <span style="font-family: Wingdings;">è</span> <span style="font-family: Arial;">the essential nature of the Eucharist is tied up in the essence of the Jewish Passover. The Passover was three things: <b>a)</b> a memorial of the deed which saved them; <b>b)</b> the declaration and celebration of the present Covenant; <b>c)</b> a prophecy of the future fulfillment of God’s promises. Therefore, the Mass must do the same.<br/><br/><br/> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: -0.2in; margin-left: 0.2in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol;"><img height="13" width="13" alt="*"/><span style="font-variant: normal; font-style: normal; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal;"> </span></span> <span style="font-family: Arial;">The focus is more on Christ’s mysteries than Christ Himself, Priest and Victim. And, of these mysteries, His death certainly finds a place, but foremost are His Resurrection and Ascension, since His central mission is to reveal the unchanged love of the Father (in the new scheme of Redemption) and the Resurrection and Ascension are accomplished by the Father’s power.</span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: -0.2in; margin-left: 0.2in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11.5pt;"><img height="13" width="13" alt="*"/><span style="font-variant: normal; font-style: normal; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal;"> </span></span> <span style="font-family: Arial;">As Our Lord used the rite of the old Passover when instituting the Eucharist, so the Mass is primarily the memorial of the Lord, since only the memorial aspect of this rite is described.</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11.5pt;"><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: -0.2in; margin-left: 0.2in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11.5pt;"><img height="13" width="13" alt="*"/><span style="font-variant: normal; font-style: normal; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal;"> </span></span> <span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11.5pt;">As the Jewish memorial was able to make God present again and renew the effects of His salvation, so too the Eucharist is not a simple remembrance but makes present the deeds by which Christ wrought salvation. While the old Passover simply made present to the memory of the believers events of the past, the new Passover makes Our Lord’s death and Resurrection present, as well as future mysteries yet to happen. In short, it encompasses the whole work of salvation in a dynamic and invisible unity.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: -0.2in; margin-left: 0.2in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11.5pt;"><img height="13" width="13" alt="*"/><span style="font-variant: normal; font-style: normal; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal;"> </span></span> <span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11.5pt;">The Mass is not a sacrifice in its own right, but rather the actual sacrifice of the Cross brought from history into the present moment. The sacrifice is in this re-presenting of Christ’s mysteries, not in an exterior rite.<br/><br/> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: -0.2in; margin-left: 0.2in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11.5pt;"><img height="13" width="13" alt="*"/><span style="font-variant: normal; font-style: normal; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal;"> </span></span> <span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11.5pt;">The Eucharist conveys an objective memory by means of an action, but for this action to constitute an objective one, it must be a social action, one of the community</span> <span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 11.5pt;">è</span> <span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11.5pt;">this communal action is a meal, the Jewish ritual meal of the Passover during which Our Lord instituted the Eucharist.</span></p>
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<tr><td colspan="2" width="100%" valign="top" style="border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: windowtext 2.25pt solid; padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 5.4pt; width: 100%; padding-right: 5.4pt; background: black; border-top: medium none; border-right: windowtext 2.25pt solid; padding-top: 0in;"><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16pt;">Does the Liturgical Reform Constitute a Dogmatic Rupture with Tradition?</span></p>
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<tr><td width="50%" valign="top" style="border-bottom: windowtext 1.5pt solid; border-left: windowtext 2.25pt solid; padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 5.4pt; width: 50%; padding-right: 5.4pt; border-top: medium none; border-right: windowtext 1.5pt double; padding-top: 0in;"><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 14pt;">Traditional Dogma</span></b></p>
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<td width="50%" valign="top" style="border-bottom: windowtext 1.5pt solid; border-left: medium none; padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 5.4pt; width: 50%; padding-right: 5.4pt; border-top: medium none; border-right: windowtext 2.25pt solid; padding-top: 0in;"><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 14pt;">New Theology</span></b></p>
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<tr><td colspan="2" width="100%" valign="top" style="border-bottom: windowtext 1.5pt solid; border-left: windowtext 2.25pt solid; padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 5.4pt; width: 100%; padding-right: 5.4pt; background: #d9d9d9; border-top: medium none; border-right: windowtext 2.25pt solid; padding-top: 0in;"><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 13pt;">Redemption – A Truth of Faith Refused</span></b></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11.5pt;">Principle:</span></b> <span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11.5pt;">Christ died on the Cross in order to satisfy the debt of punishment demanded by divine justice offended by sin.</span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><b><u><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11.5pt;">Arguments of authority</span></u></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: -0.25in; margin-left: 0.25in;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 11.5pt;">W<span style="font-variant: normal; font-style: normal; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal;"> </span></span> <b><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11.5pt;">Trent</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11.5pt;">:</span></b> <span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11.5pt;">The doctrine that Our Lord’s death on the Cross made vicarious satisfaction for sin is part of the deposit of the Faith, as is the propitiatory end of the Mass.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: -0.25in; margin-left: 0.25in;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 11.5pt;">W<span style="font-variant: normal; font-style: normal; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal;"> </span></span> <b><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11.5pt;">Roman Catechism:</span></b> <span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11.5pt;">teaches that Our Lord made the highest satisfaction or compensation possible to God by His death on the Cross.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: -0.25in; margin-left: 0.25in;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 11.5pt;">W<span style="font-variant: normal; font-style: normal; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal;"> </span></span> <span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11.5pt;">The dogma of Our Lord’s vicarious satisfaction has always been defended by the Church, and especially recently to protect against liberal Protestantism, as seen in the prepared canons of Vatican I, <i>Humani Generis</i> of Pius XII, and a preparatory schema of Vatican II.</span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11.5pt;">Principle:</span></b> <span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11.5pt;">There is no debt to be paid to satisfy divine justice offended by sin</span> <span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 11.5pt;">è</span> <span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11.5pt;">no propitiatory aspect in the New Mass. Redemption is the revelation of the eternal covenant that God has made with man. It is the revelation of God’s unchanging love toward man, in spite of sin, an eternal Covenant which never has been destroyed. It gives nothing back to God, but gives God back to man, showing him that God always loved him and did not cast him off, even after sin.</span></p>
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<tr><td colspan="2" width="100%" valign="top" style="border-bottom: windowtext 1.5pt solid; border-left: windowtext 2.25pt solid; padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 5.4pt; width: 100%; padding-right: 5.4pt; background: #d9d9d9; border-top: medium none; border-right: windowtext 2.25pt solid; padding-top: 0in;"><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 13pt;">The Mass as Sacrifice – A Truth of Faith Put in Doubt</span></b></p>
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<tr><td width="50%" valign="top" style="border-bottom: windowtext 1.5pt solid; border-left: windowtext 2.25pt solid; padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 5.4pt; width: 50%; padding-right: 5.4pt; border-top: medium none; border-right: windowtext 1.5pt double; padding-top: 0in;"><p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-family: Arial;">Trent:</span></b> <span style="font-family: Arial;">the Mass is <b>a)</b> a true sacrifice, real and visible; <b>b)</b> it represents, commemorates and applies the sacrifice of the Cross; <b>c)</b> it is not merely a commemoration.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: -0.25in; margin-left: 0.25in;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings;">W<span style="font-variant: normal; font-style: normal; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal;"> </span></span> <b><span style="font-family: Arial;">A <i>Visible</i> Sacrifice: a)</span></b> <span style="font-family: Arial;">the sacrifice is represented <i>visibly</i>, which can only be done through the species of bread and wine; <b>b)</b> the Mass is linked with the Passover because the latter ceremony was the <i>visible sacrificing</i> of a victim. <b>Conclusion:</b> <i>repraesentare</i> is used to mean an image resembling the thing represented<br/><br/><br/> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: -0.25in; margin-left: 0.25in;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings;">W<span style="font-variant: normal; font-style: normal; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal;"> </span></span> <b><span style="font-family: Arial;">A True and Proper Sacrifice –</span></b> <span style="font-family: Arial;">Mass is truly and properly a sacrifice, which is only possible if there be a true victim and real immolation</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: -0.25in; margin-left: 0.25in;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings;">W<span style="font-variant: normal; font-style: normal; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal;"> </span></span> <b><span style="font-family: Arial;">Not a mere commemoration –</span></b> <span style="font-family: Arial;">Trent condemns calling the Mass a purely conceptual reminder of the Cross, i.e. only referring to the Mass as a sacrifice in a figurative way.</span></p>
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<td width="50%" valign="top" style="border-bottom: windowtext 1.5pt solid; border-left: medium none; padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 5.4pt; width: 50%; padding-right: 5.4pt; border-top: medium none; border-right: windowtext 2.25pt solid; padding-top: 0in;"><p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-family: Arial;">Paschal Mystery:</span></b> <span style="font-family: Arial;">The Mass a memorial meal, but it is also a sacrifice in that it is an <i>objective</i> memorial.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: -0.2in; margin-left: 0.2in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol;"><img height="13" width="13" alt="*"/><span style="font-variant: normal; font-style: normal; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal;"> </span></span> <b><span style="font-family: Arial;">An <i>Invisible</i> Sacrifice –</span></b> <span style="font-family: Arial;">The Mass is only a sacrifice insofar as it makes the sacrifice of the Cross present. And this sacrifice is incomplete without the Resurrection and Ascension; therefore a mere sacramental representation of Calvary is not sufficient to include all the mysteries of salvation, which the memorial sacrifice does. <i>Repraesentare</i> means making really present what is remembered. This is the objective aspect of the Liturgy.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: -0.2in; margin-left: 0.2in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol;"><img height="13" width="13" alt="*"/><span style="font-variant: normal; font-style: normal; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal;"> </span></span> <b><span style="font-family: Arial;">An Analogical Sacrifice –</span></b> <span style="font-family: Arial;">Mass is a sacrifice, only as an objective memorial containing the sacrifice of Christ</span> <span style="font-family: Wingdings;">è</span> <span style="font-family: Arial;">no true victim or real immolation</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: -0.2in; margin-left: 0.2in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol;"><img height="13" width="13" alt="*"/><span style="font-variant: normal; font-style: normal; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal;"> </span></span> <b><span style="font-family: Arial;">A Figurative Sacrifice –</span></b> <span style="font-family: Arial;">the notion of a memorial, whether objective in terms of the Paschal Mystery or subjective in terms of Protestant theology, never admits a literal application of the term “sacrifice” to the Mass</span></p>
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<tr><td colspan="2" width="100%" valign="top" style="border-bottom: windowtext 1.5pt solid; border-left: windowtext 2.25pt solid; padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 5.4pt; width: 100%; padding-right: 5.4pt; background: #d9d9d9; border-top: medium none; border-right: windowtext 2.25pt solid; padding-top: 0in;"><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 13pt;">The Notion of Sacrament – A Danger for the Faith</span></b></p>
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<tr><td width="50%" valign="top" style="border-bottom: windowtext 2.25pt solid; border-left: windowtext 2.25pt solid; padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 5.4pt; width: 50%; padding-right: 5.4pt; border-top: medium none; border-right: windowtext 1.5pt double; padding-top: 0in;"><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: -0.25in; margin-left: 0.25in;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings;">W<span style="font-variant: normal; font-style: normal; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal;"> </span></span> <span style="font-family: Arial;">All of the sacraments work <i>ex opere operato</i>. There are seven and only seven sacraments instituted by Christ. Trent condemns those who say that sacraments were only to nourish the faith.<br/><br/><br/> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: -0.25in; margin-left: 0.25in;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings;">W<span style="font-variant: normal; font-style: normal; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal;"> </span></span> <b><span style="font-family: Arial;">Trent</span></b><span style="font-family: Arial;">: the Eucharist is present truly, really and substantially.<br/><br/><br/> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: -0.25in; margin-left: 0.25in;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings;">W<span style="font-variant: normal; font-style: normal; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal;"> </span></span> <b><span style="font-family: Arial;">Clarity of symbols –</span></b> <span style="font-family: Arial;">A sign must be a distinct and separate entity from the thing signified. This is clearly the case for all of the seven sacraments.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: -0.25in; margin-left: 0.25in;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings;">W<span style="font-variant: normal; font-style: normal; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal;"> </span></span> <i><span style="font-family: Arial;">Pascendi</span></i><span style="font-family: Arial;">: condemnation of the identification of formulae of the faith with the sacraments.</span></p>
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<td width="50%" valign="top" style="border-bottom: windowtext 2.25pt solid; border-left: medium none; padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 5.4pt; width: 50%; padding-right: 5.4pt; border-top: medium none; border-right: windowtext 2.25pt solid; padding-top: 0in;"><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: -0.2in; margin-left: 0.2in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol;"><img height="13" width="13" alt="*"/><span style="font-variant: normal; font-style: normal; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal;"> </span></span> <span style="font-family: Arial;">The distinctions of efficacy <i>ex opere operato</i> and <i>ex opere operantis</i> can no longer be applied, as the entire body of the liturgy is a sacrament. The efficacy of the sacraments is wholly dependent on the faith of the recipients interpreting the symbol of the sacrament; this makes the sacraments efficacious.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: -0.2in; margin-left: 0.2in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol;"><img height="13" width="13" alt="*"/><span style="font-variant: normal; font-style: normal; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal;"> </span></span> <span style="font-family: Arial;">The divine presence depends on the interpretation of its symbols (bread and wine) given by man, as in the Old Testament natural blessings were seen under the same symbols.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: -0.2in; margin-left: 0.2in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol;"><img height="13" width="13" alt="*"/><span style="font-variant: normal; font-style: normal; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal;"> </span></span> <b><span style="font-family: Arial;">Blurring of symbols –</span></b> <span style="font-family: Arial;">Christ is separated from His divinity which He signifies, and the Catholic Church is made distinct from the Church of Christ which it signifies.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: -0.2in; margin-left: 0.2in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol;"><img height="13" width="13" alt="*"/><span style="font-variant: normal; font-style: normal; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal;"> </span></span> <span style="font-family: Arial;">The new sacramental theology seems to identify the formulae of faith with the sacraments.</span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span></p>